El objetivo del presente artículo será realizar una revisión crítica de la interpretación realizada por D. Harvey del concepto de «acumulación originaria» expuesto por K. Marx en El Capital. A través del análisis de los escritos dónde Marx aborda esta cuestión, trataremos de demostrar que la aportación principal de Harvey -reinterpretar la acumulación originaria, no como proceso fundacional de las condiciones necesarias para la producción capitalista, sino como proceso continuo y permanente utilizado para restablecer las condiciones óptimas de la acumulación (...) de capital mediante la conquista de nuevos espacios- se sustenta en una interpretación parcial de los textos de crítica de la economía política marxianos que confunde la dimensión lógica e histórica del análisis marxiano. Así pues, argumentaremos que existe una base en los propios textos de Marx desde dónde interpretar la «acumulación originaria» como un proceso de desposesión constante en el desarrollo del modo de producción capitalista que, dependiente de la constante expansión, potencia su capacidad adaptativa mediante la conquista de aquellos factores de la economía todavía no incorporados al proceso del capital. (shrink)

We used 7,415 advertisements published in Spain to analyze traits sought/offered by men and women from different age groups. Findings regarding age, socioeconomic status, and physical attractiveness requirements support evolutionary predictions about mate preferences. However, changes in trait preferences among women under 40 appear to be contingent on Spain’s socioeconomic transformation. Women under 40 seek mainly physical attractiveness in men, whereas those over 40 seek mainly socioeconomic status. The trait most sought by men in all age groups is physical attractiveness. (...) Traits sought and offered by advertisers may be conditioned by the personal situation of the advertiser. Mean age of advertisers (around their forties) and Spain’s social indicators suggest that the majority of advertisers have been unsuccessful in the mating arena at the conventional age. (shrink)

We report a solution to an open problem regarding the axiomatization of the convex hull of a type of nonclassical evaluations. We then investigate the meaning of this result for the larger context of the relation between rational credence functions and nonclassical probability. We claim that the notions of bets and Dutch Books typically employed in formal epistemology are of doubtful use outside the realm of classical logic, eventually proposing two novel ways of understanding Dutch Books in nonclassical settings.

In this paper we study the interaction between symmetric logic and probability. In particular, we axiomatize the convex hull of the set of evaluations of symmetric logic, yielding the notion of probability in symmetric logic. This answers an open problem of Williams ( 2016 ) and Paris ( 2001 ).

En este artículo se presentan los resultados del análisis discursivo realizado sobre las producciones verbales elaboradas por Directivos de Responsabilidad Social (DIRSE) para explicar qué son y cómo se organizan sus políticas socialmente responsables. Concretamente, se disecciona el modo en que la élite empresarial española construye las coordenadas narrativas de su relato sobre la responsabilidad social corporativa o empresarial, haciendo especial hincapié en el conjunto de significaciones y maniobras discursivas que las configuran. Para ello, se ha dividido el documento en (...) cuatro epígrafes. En el primero se introduce al lector en la perspectiva adoptada en esta investigación. En el segundo epígrafe se exponen las principales cuestiones de orden metodológico y en el tercero se presentan los resultados. Finalmente, el documento se cierra con una síntesis las conclusiones alcanzadas.In this paper we present the results of the discourse analysis of verbal productions made by Managers of Social Responsibility (dirse by its Spanish acronym) to explain what they are and how their socially responsible policies are organized. More specifically, we examine the way that Spanish business elite builds the narrative coordinates of its discourse about corporate social responsibility, with particular emphasis on the set of meanings and discourse manoeuvres that shapes them. In order to do so, we have divided this paper into four sections. In the first one, the reader is introduced to the approach taken for this research. In the second section we reflect the main methodological issues, while the last two sections present respectively the results and conclusions of our analysis. (shrink)

El presente trabajo explora la postura bergsoniana en torno a la imagen, toda vez que es constituida, de fondo, por la pregunta ¿qué se puede conocer? A propósito del tema Bergson se ubica en un punto intermedio entre el idealismo y el realismo, considera que la imagen es aquello que es más que una representación pero menos que la cosa en sí que el realismo pretende mostrar como objeto de conocimiento. La comprensión de la imagen no sólo lleva a escenarios (...) epistemológicos, también posibilita observar que ahí donde hay una perspectiva ocurre un enfoque interesado de cierto tema. De tal forma que la relación objeto-sujeto se ve trastocada por la implementación de la imagen, como disposición afectiva del mundo que rodea al humano. Si sólo se conocen imágenes, la pertinencia de las distintas ramas científicas cambia según estas estudien imágenes interiores o exteriores. Para nada la actividad mental, puede ser el propiciador de las imágenes mentales, únicamente es una imagen más del conjunto de imágenes. En lo subsecuente, habrá un desarrollo del conocimiento de las imágenes, una propuesta teórica que ofrece una posibilidad distinta a la científica, pero que no es contradictoria. Palabras clave: Bergson - Imagen - Conocimiento - Idealismo - Realismo - Percepción. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to contribute to a better conceptual and practical delimitation of inclusive education. A pedagogy that reacts to the need to face the dilemmas of difference. An interpre...

The aim of this research was to explore the elements that configure the quality of care among three Mexican same-sex planned families: two female-parented families (through donor insemination) and a male-parented one (through adoption). The first family consisted of two mothers and a 3-year-old daughter; the second one had two mothers and a 1.5-year-old set of boy twins and the third family consisted of two fathers and a 2-year-old girl. It was assumed that Ainsworth’s notions of quality of care organization (...) are useful in order to understand caregiver-child attachment relationships, regardless of the parents’ sexual orientation. A collective case study was selected due to the fact that these families shared their “unconventionality” (i.e. parents were not heterosexual) and the fact that they were planned, but each one constituted a particular case with a unique configuration. Four trained independent observers used the q-sort methodology (Maternal Behavior Q-Sort and Attachment Q-Sort) to describe parents’ and children’s behavior, respectively. The findings showed that parents were highly sensitive and all children used them as a secure base. To provide an in-depth examination of which elements configure the quality of care, a semi-structured interview with each parent was carried out. Through a thematic analysis, an over-arching theme named Affections and Emotions was identified, together with six subthemes: 1) Creating an affective environment; 2) Being available; 3) Acknowledging and expressing emotions; 4) Perceiving, interpreting and responding adequately to the child’s real self; 5) Taking the child’s perspective into account; and 6) Agreeing on roles and dividing the tasks. In order to showcase the particular configuration of gay parenting, the male-headed family narrative is reported in detail, because gay parents have been perceived as violating traditional gender roles as well as the hegemonic model of masculinity. The findings were consistent with the notion of quality of care as proposed by Ainsworth and her collaborators. The implications of the methodological device and research regarding same-sex planned families are discussed so as to understand the organization of the caregiving environment. (shrink)

The main objective of this research is to identify the current panorama of scientific production associated with governance in university institutions. A bibliometric analysis was developed in Scopus using R Core Team 2022-Bibliometrix and Vosviewer software. The results highlight the countries with the highest productivity in the topic of study, with the most representative authors favoring the understanding of governance. The main thematic clusters stand out. It recognizes the role of university governance and its migration to direct spaces and the (...) transition from a face-to-face model. (shrink)

Las reflexiones académicas sobre la educación se han nutrido en múltiples ocasiones de conceptos de otras disciplinas o campos, de esta manera, el presente artículo explora el potencial simbiótico de los laboratorios remotos con la educación inclusiva a través de un rastreo de la literatura latinoamericana alrededor de estas categorías, así como de sus posibles usos didácticos, ya que, gracias a sus características interactivas y culturalmente flexibles, este encuentro conceptual se hace con el objetivo de fortalecer los procesos de emancipación (...) y empoderamiento social desde los grupos históricamente excluidos. (shrink)

En este trabajo se aborda el tema del lenguaje de la ley humana en el pensamiento de Francisco Suárez. El desarrollo se lleva a cabo teniendo en cuenta principalmente el Tratado de las leyes y de Dios legislador y comprende los siguientes aspectos: el carácter preceptivo del lenguaje legislativo, la forma escrita y oral, el nivel léxico-semántico y la claridad lingüística desde las perspectivas de la conveniencia, la esencia de la ley y la justicia. Las cuestiones tratadas por Suárez a (...) propósito de estos aspectos han seguido siendo objeto de atención en épocas posteriores y en nuestros días. Hoy la lectura de algunas de ellas infunde la idea de que siguen vigentes. Por todo ello, junto a la exposición de contenidos, que pretende describir y ofrecer pautas para entender las ideas del jesuita, se presentan otros análisis de carácter comparativo y reflexivo; aunque sin perder de vista que nos centramos en un autor que escribió en la Edad Moderna. (shrink)

Membership in voluntary organizations is associated with individual and social benefits. Due to the negative consequences of the global pandemic on older people, and the governmental challenges posed by population aging, voluntary membership is of great importance to society. To effectively promote volunteering among older people, it is necessary to understand the determinants of voluntary membership. This study analyses the influence of individual values—secular/traditional and survival/self-expression–on voluntary membership among European adults. Specifically, it examines which values orient two age groups, as (...) well as men and women toward a certain type of association. The sample of 31,985 comprises 60% of adults aged 50–64 and 40% aged 65–79; of which 56% are women and 44% men. The empirical estimation considers different levels of data aggregation: individual, national and welfare system, therefore multilevel analysis is used as an analytical strategy. Individual-level variables from the Integrated Values Survey and national-level variables from the World Bank and Eurostat are used. The results indicate that traditional and self-expression values promote membership in voluntary organizations in general more than secular and survival values. However, there are differences according to the type of organization. Furthermore, values are found to moderate the effect of age and gender on voluntary membership. (shrink)

L’article explore le statut du trans en partant de l’hypothèse qu’il incarne mieux que quiconque l’archétype de l’ex en tous genres : pour les trans plus que pour tout autre, la rupture est une dimension constitutive de l’existence. La présente contribution se fonde sur une recherche sur la construction identitaire chez les trans, recherche menée auprès de six personnes à partir d’entretiens semi--directifs, d’observation et d’entretiens téléphoniques. Il fait référence aux « grandeurs » de Boltanski et Thévenot (1991). Les résultats (...) suggèrent que si certains trans veulent faire tabula rasa de leur passé, la plupart d’entre eux vivent leur transition comme un continuum biographique. (shrink)

Business Ethics: A European Review, EarlyView.

L’action est morale si elle est voulue en toute circonstance. Selon la Typique de la faculté de juger pratique, la loi fournit le modèle pour le passage à l’universel. Si ce modèle convient à la première formule del’impératif catégorique, il ne suffit à fonder ni la seconde, ni la troisième. On met en lumière les apories de la pensée kantienne pour indiquer ensuite que la position du problème de la « justice » par Rawls apporte peut-être un principe de solution.

O texto identifica alguns traços dominantes da produção filosófica de Fernando Gil. Apresenta a questão da inteligibilidade como a temática que confere unidade a toda a obra, desdobrada depois em múltiplos temas de reflexão, todos eles centrados na busca de uma “arqueologia da razão”. Em resultado deste inquérito, pensado como o trajecto que conduz à identificação de uma “proto-epistemologia”, a obra de Fernando Gil situa-se no mapa da epistemologia contemporânea como uma tentativa de superar os dualismos redutores da (...) modernidade, através da apresentação do que designou como “realismo da interpretação”. Destaca, por último, alguns aspectos marcantes do seu estilo, na medida em que têm consequências tanto na forma de conceber o exercício da actividade filosófica quanto nos seus resultados. (shrink)

A patent is a property granted to any new shape, configuration or arrangement of elements, of any device, tool, instrument, mechanism or other object or part thereof, that allows for a better or different operation, use or manufacture of the object that incorporates it or that provides it with some utility, advantage or technical effect that it did not have before. As a document, a patent really is a title that recognizes the right to exploit the patented invention exclusively, preventing (...) others from making, selling or using it without the consent of the owner. The fact of making a patent is motivated by the fact of promoting creativity, hindering competition in the market as only one person holds the patent, thus protecting the initial investment and fighting against plagiarism. Patents are available to the public for dissemination and general knowledge. It is generally recognized in the specialized literature that patents can be used as an indicator to calculate the results generated by research and development activities, being a very useful indicator to measure various social, economic or technological aspects. For this reason, it is of relevant interest to have tools or systems that allow us to obtain the patents developed in a specific period of time and to carry out analyses of various economic and social factors. These analyses can serve to obtain a social perspective of society’s progress in the technological field, and this is why an analysis of patents is of our interest. This paper proposes a platform specifically designed to obtain knowledge about patents as an indicator of Spanish social, economic or technological aspects. For this purpose, the platform retrieves, analyses and visualizes functionalities that represent data on the landscape of patents obtained from the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office as a particular case of study. (shrink)

The purpose of this study is to examine how workgroup diversity can be managed through specific strategic human resource management systems. Our review shows that ‘affirmative action’ and traditional ‘diversity management’ approaches have failed to simultaneously achieve business and social justice outcomes of diversity. As previous literature has shown, the benefits of diversity cannot be achieved with isolated interventions. To the contrary, a complete organizational culture change is required, in order to promote appreciation of individual differences. The paper contributes to (...) this discussion by exploring the implications of this change for human resource management, and explaining how the systems of practices should be changed when they are directed to diverse groups. The model designed to test this notion includes: (1) demographic and human capital diversity as independent variables, (2) group performance (measured as innovation outcomes) as the dependent variable and, (3) the orientation of the strategic human resource management system as a potential moderator of this relationship. The main conclusion of the empirical analysis developed is that different patterns of human resource management practices can be used, depending on the type of diversity that the organization faces, and the specific effects that it wishes to manage. Concretely, three alternative management systems are identified in this paper, with different moderating effects. This result has interesting implications for human resource management professionals, explained in the last section. The limitations of this study are also discussed, as well as some issues that future research in this field should address. (shrink)

Fernando Gil’s last philosophy, as exemplified in The Conviction, deals with the distinction between belief and conviction, as well as with the common features they both share. Such distinction relates to other distinctions: ground and foundation, ideology and truth, etc. Fernando Gil’s main aim is the explanation of the intricate connections between the epistemic and the epistemological levels, that is between the relations the subject entertains with his beliefs and the relations those beliefs entertain with reality. In other (...) words: his enquiry deals with the place of the subject in knowledge. (shrink)

Laura Montoya Upegui identifica la compasión como un sentimiento que mueve a la acción. Es una lección útil dirigida a la transformación social. En medio de las dificultades, optó por la reflexión y la evaluación de los eventos inesperados en la condición humana para dirigir la mirada hacia la vida buena. Cuando es calumniada, identifica y acepta las emociones sociales e individuales, alejándose del miedo. Ella comprende que en el desarrollo humano, lo material y lo espiritual no se excluyen. En (...) la actualidad, existe una fuerte tensión política en Colombia que reclama de la sensibilidad social y los propósitos comunes. Como lo plantea Nussbaum, y según las vivencias de Santa Laura Montoya, la compasión, la esperanza práctica y la visión imaginativa pueden guiar el camino hacia el desarrollo humano. (shrink)